{"id":24770,"date":"2025-09-04T12:26:52","date_gmt":"2025-09-04T19:26:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/?p=24770"},"modified":"2026-01-15T19:21:39","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T03:21:39","slug":"letat-du-trafic-de-petroliers-au-canada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/insights\/letat-du-trafic-de-petroliers-au-canada\/","title":{"rendered":"L’\u00e9tat du trafic de p\u00e9troliers au Canada"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Quelle proportion du p\u00e9trole canadien est-elle r\u00e9ellement transport\u00e9e par voie maritime ? Cet article examine la situation actuelle du trafic de p\u00e9troliers le long des c\u00f4tes canadiennes, en explorant les changements r\u00e9cents concernant les lieux et le nombre de navires qui transitent dans nos eaux. L’ampleur de ce transport et ses nuances pourraient remettre en question les id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le p\u00e9trole brut est un terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique d\u00e9signant un produit p\u00e9trolier non raffin\u00e9, qui comprend le p\u00e9trole brut conventionnel et le bitume dilu\u00e9 (dilbit), un type de p\u00e9trole des sables bitumineux de l’Alberta qui est fluidifi\u00e9 pour le transport. Chaque ann\u00e9e, des centaines de p\u00e9troliers, des navires con\u00e7us pour transporter de grandes quantit\u00e9s de p\u00e9trole brut, naviguent dans les eaux canadiennes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce mouvement constant alimente l’inqui\u00e9tude du public quant au risque de d\u00e9versement de cargaison. Bien que les r\u00e9glementations et les normes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 actuelles rendent un tel \u00e9v\u00e9nement peu probable, un d\u00e9versement aurait des cons\u00e9quences environnementales et \u00e9conomiques d\u00e9vastatrices et durables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ol\u00e9oducs ou p\u00e9troliers : un regard sur le commerce du p\u00e9trole brut au Canada<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le commerce du p\u00e9trole au Canada d\u00e9pend beaucoup plus des ol\u00e9oducs que des p\u00e9troliers. Bien que les p\u00e9troliers soient essentiels pour approvisionner les raffineries en p\u00e9trole brut n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la production de carburants comme l’essence et le diesel, ils ne repr\u00e9sentent que 14 % du trafic total de p\u00e9trole brut au pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2024, le Canada a export\u00e9 plus de 1,55 milliard de barils de p\u00e9trole brut, dont seulement 8 % (130 millions de barils) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exp\u00e9di\u00e9s par p\u00e9trolier. En revanche, les p\u00e9troliers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 essentiels pour les importations, livrant 60 % des 175 millions de barils de p\u00e9trole brut import\u00e9s par le pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les ol\u00e9oducs et le transport ferroviaire acheminent principalement les exportations de p\u00e9trole canadien vers les raffineries des \u00c9tats-Unis. Cependant, les p\u00e9troliers jouent un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la diversification de notre march\u00e9 d’exportation vers d’autres destinations internationales. Pour les importations, les p\u00e9troliers sont la principale m\u00e9thode pour acheminer le p\u00e9trole brut depuis la c\u00f4te am\u00e9ricaine du golfe du Mexique et d’autres sources mondiales, repr\u00e9sentant 57 % de toutes les importations de p\u00e9trole brut en 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une r\u00e9partition g\u00e9ographique du trafic de p\u00e9troliers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pour comprendre l’ampleur du transport de p\u00e9trole brut, Clear Seas a men\u00e9 une analyse afin d’estimer le nombre de mouvements de p\u00e9troliers \u00e0 des endroits cl\u00e9s sur les c\u00f4tes canadiennes. Les r\u00e9sultats, bas\u00e9s sur des donn\u00e9es commerciales de Statistique Canada, des communiqu\u00e9s de presse et des donn\u00e9es de suivi des navires (AIS), r\u00e9v\u00e8lent quatre principales zones de concentration :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • C\u00f4te Ouest (Vancouver, C.-B.) :<\/strong> Jusqu’\u00e0 400 p\u00e9troliers visitent chaque ann\u00e9e le terminal maritime de Westridge pour exporter du p\u00e9trole provenant de l’Alberta via l\u2019ol\u00e9oduc Trans Mountain, r\u00e9cemment agrandi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Qu\u00e9bec (Voie maritime du Saint-Laurent, Qc) :<\/strong> On estime \u00e0 240 le nombre de transits annuels de p\u00e9troliers-navettes qui d\u00e9placent le p\u00e9trole brut entre une installation de stockage \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al et une raffinerie \u00e0 L\u00e9vis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Canada atlantique (Saint-Jean, N.-B.) :<\/strong> Environ 115 p\u00e9troliers s’y arr\u00eatent annuellement pour importer du p\u00e9trole brut de march\u00e9s \u00e9trangers pour la raffinerie de Saint-Jean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Terre-Neuve et Labrador (au large) :<\/strong> Environ 90 p\u00e9troliers internationaux se rendent chaque ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l’installation de transbordement de Whiffen Head, T.-N., pour exporter du p\u00e9trole provenant des champs p\u00e9troliers en haute mer achemin\u00e9 par des p\u00e9troliers-navettes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Un changement majeur : de l’Atlantique au Pacifique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    L’\u00e9quilibre du trafic de p\u00e9troliers au Canada a consid\u00e9rablement chang\u00e9. En 2020, on estimait que 85 % des mouvements de p\u00e9troliers se produisaient sur la c\u00f4te atlantique, mais ce n’est plus le cas. Aujourd’hui, le trafic est r\u00e9parti de mani\u00e8re beaucoup plus \u00e9gale, soit 57 % sur la c\u00f4te Est et 43 % sur la c\u00f4te Ouest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Plusieurs facteurs cl\u00e9s ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 ce changement rapide :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • La fermeture de la raffinerie de Come By Chance, T.-N.-L., en 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • La conversion du terminal p\u00e9trolier de Point Tupper, N.-\u00c9., pour la production d’\u00e9nergie verte en 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • L’augmentation de l’activit\u00e9 au terminal maritime de Westridge \u00e0 Vancouver, \u00e0 la suite de l’agrandissement de l\u2019ol\u00e9oduc Trans Mountain en 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • La r\u00e9duction du trafic de p\u00e9troliers internationaux vers les raffineries du Qu\u00e9bec, qui re\u00e7oivent maintenant plus de p\u00e9trole brut par ol\u00e9oduc jusqu’\u00e0 Montr\u00e9al.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      D’importants changements ont marqu\u00e9 le trafic de p\u00e9troliers dans les eaux canadiennes au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie. Alors que les forces \u00e9conomiques mondiales et l’accent mis par le Canada sur la diversification des partenaires commerciaux continuent d’\u00e9voluer, on peut s’attendre \u00e0 d’autres changements dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir. Bien que les p\u00e9troliers ne repr\u00e9sentent actuellement qu’une petite fraction du commerce global de p\u00e9trole brut du Canada, leur r\u00f4le pour assurer que le p\u00e9trole atteigne les march\u00e9s internationaux demeure vital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Les p\u00e9troliers sont une pr\u00e9sence constante dans les eaux c\u00f4ti\u00e8res du Canada, mais leur r\u00f4le dans le commerce p\u00e9trolier de notre pays est souvent mal compris.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":24780,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1022,1017,1016],"tags":[],"insight_type":[76],"class_list":["post-24770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-impacts-economiques-du-transport-maritime","category-impacts-environnementaux-du-transport-maritime","category-securite-et-risques-lies-au-transport","insight_type-articles-fr"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":18951,"url":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/insights\/quelle-incidence-aura-loleoduc-tmx-sur-le-transport-maritime-dans-la-mer-des-salish\/","url_meta":{"origin":24770,"position":0},"title":"Quelle incidence aura l\u2019ol\u00e9oduc TMX sur le transport maritime dans la mer des Salish?","author":"webmaster","date":"June 22, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Le transport de p\u00e9trole par navire n\u2019est pas \u00e9tranger \u00e0 la controverse. Cet enjeu va certainement s\u2019intensifier alors que le projet d\u2019expansion de l\u2019ol\u00e9oduc de Trans Mountain (TMX) est en voie d\u2019\u00eatre achev\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin de 2022 et de voir ses trois postes d\u2019amarrage pleinement op\u00e9rationnels en 2023, pla\u00e7ant\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Impacts \u00e9conomiques du transport maritime"","block_context":{"text":"Impacts \u00e9conomiques du transport maritime","link":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/topics\/impacts-economiques-du-transport-maritime\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/TMX-Eng-Banner.jpg?fit=1200%2C802&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200","width":200,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/TMX-Eng-Banner.jpg?fit=1200%2C802&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/TMX-Eng-Banner.jpg?fit=1200%2C802&ssl=1&resize=300%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/TMX-Eng-Banner.jpg?fit=1200%2C802&ssl=1&resize=400%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/TMX-Eng-Banner.jpg?fit=1200%2C802&ssl=1&resize=600%2C600 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/TMX-Eng-Banner.jpg?fit=1200%2C802&ssl=1&resize=800%2C800 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":19354,"url":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/insights\/sondage-angus-reid-mars-2016-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":24770,"position":1},"title":"Sondage Angus Reid Mars 2016","author":"webmaster","date":"April 22, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Attitude des Canadiens sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du transport maritime. Opinion concernant l'augmentation du trafic p\u00e9trolier, les principales pr\u00e9occupations li\u00e9es \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du transport maritime et le moratoire du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral visant le transport du p\u00e9trole brut en Colombie-Britannique et l'interdiction pour les navires d'utiliser du p\u00e9trole lourd comme carburant\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Impacts \u00e9conomiques du transport maritime"","block_context":{"text":"Impacts \u00e9conomiques du transport maritime","link":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/topics\/impacts-economiques-du-transport-maritime\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/5398-ClearSeas-Infographic-French-2-1.jpg?fit=326%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200","width":200,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/5398-ClearSeas-Infographic-French-2-1.jpg?fit=326%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/5398-ClearSeas-Infographic-French-2-1.jpg?fit=326%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=300%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":19394,"url":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/insights\/intervention-en-cas-de-deversements-dhydrocarbures\/","url_meta":{"origin":24770,"position":2},"title":"Intervention en cas de de\u0301versements d’hydrocarbures","author":"webmaster","date":"August 2, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"R\u00e9ponse \u00e0 un d\u00e9versement d'hydrocarbures. Au Canada, le pollueur est responsable des co\u00fbts li\u00e9s au nettoyage d'un d\u00e9versement, les navires en eaux canadiennes doivent avoir un accord avec un organisme d'intervention agr\u00e9\u00e9 en cas de d\u00e9versements et la Garde c\u00f4ti\u00e8re canadienne est responsable de surveiller et de superviser le nettoyage\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Impacts \u00e9conomiques du transport maritime"","block_context":{"text":"Impacts \u00e9conomiques du transport maritime","link":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/topics\/impacts-economiques-du-transport-maritime\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Intervention-en-cas-de-deversements-dhydrocarbures-2-1-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200","width":200,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Intervention-en-cas-de-deversements-dhydrocarbures-2-1-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Intervention-en-cas-de-deversements-dhydrocarbures-2-1-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=300%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Intervention-en-cas-de-deversements-dhydrocarbures-2-1-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=400%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Intervention-en-cas-de-deversements-dhydrocarbures-2-1-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=600%2C600 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Intervention-en-cas-de-deversements-dhydrocarbures-2-1-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=800%2C800 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":19370,"url":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/insights\/petrole-cargaison-eaux-canadiennes\/","url_meta":{"origin":24770,"position":3},"title":"P\u00e9trole Transport\u00e9 Comme Cargaison dans les Eaux Canadiennes par R\u00e9gion","author":"webmaster","date":"March 22, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"P\u00e9trole transport\u00e9 comme cargaison maritime dans les eaux canadiennes par r\u00e9gion.","rel":"","context":"In "Impacts \u00e9conomiques du transport maritime"","block_context":{"text":"Impacts \u00e9conomiques du transport maritime","link":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/topics\/impacts-economiques-du-transport-maritime\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/petrole-transporte-comme-cargaison-1.jpg?fit=800%2C721&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200","width":200,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/petrole-transporte-comme-cargaison-1.jpg?fit=800%2C721&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/petrole-transporte-comme-cargaison-1.jpg?fit=800%2C721&ssl=1&resize=300%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/petrole-transporte-comme-cargaison-1.jpg?fit=800%2C721&ssl=1&resize=400%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/petrole-transporte-comme-cargaison-1.jpg?fit=800%2C721&ssl=1&resize=600%2C600 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/petrole-transporte-comme-cargaison-1.jpg?fit=800%2C721&ssl=1&resize=800%2C800 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":18878,"url":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/insights\/doubles-coques\/","url_meta":{"origin":24770,"position":4},"title":"Doubles coques","author":"Clear Seas","date":"June 28, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Les doubles coques constituent une mesure pr\u00e9ventive mise en \u0153uvre pour r\u00e9duire le risque de pollution caus\u00e9e par les navires dans l\u2019environnement marin.","rel":"","context":"In "Impacts environnementaux du transport maritime"","block_context":{"text":"Impacts environnementaux du transport maritime","link":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/topics\/impacts-environnementaux-du-transport-maritime\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-637732506.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200","width":200,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-637732506.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-637732506.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&ssl=1&resize=300%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-637732506.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&ssl=1&resize=400%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-637732506.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&ssl=1&resize=600%2C600 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-637732506.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&ssl=1&resize=800%2C800 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":18868,"url":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/insights\/lieux-de-refuge\/","url_meta":{"origin":24770,"position":5},"title":"Lieux de refuge","author":"Clear Seas","date":"January 4, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Quand un navire en mer est avari\u00e9, d\u00e9sempar\u00e9 ou de quelque mani\u00e8re en d\u00e9tresse, il peut \u00eatre d\u2019importance critique de trouver un lieu de refuge, un endroit o\u00f9 il peut \u00eatre conduit pour pr\u00e9venir d\u2019autres dommages ou la pollution de l\u2019environnement.","rel":"","context":"In "Impacts \u00e9conomiques du transport maritime"","block_context":{"text":"Impacts \u00e9conomiques du transport maritime","link":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/topics\/impacts-economiques-du-transport-maritime\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-172393404.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200","width":200,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-172393404.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-172393404.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&ssl=1&resize=300%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-172393404.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&ssl=1&resize=400%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-172393404.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&ssl=1&resize=600%2C600 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-172393404.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&ssl=1&resize=800%2C800 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/web15.Westridge-Terminal.jpeg?fit=1276%2C718&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24770"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24770\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25206,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24770\/revisions\/25206"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24770"},{"taxonomy":"insight_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight_type?post=24770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}