{"id":18871,"date":"2017-10-26T18:59:03","date_gmt":"2017-10-27T01:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/insights\/role-du-commerce-maritime-dans-larctique\/"},"modified":"2024-06-19T14:22:14","modified_gmt":"2024-06-19T21:22:14","slug":"role-du-commerce-maritime-dans-larctique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/insights\/role-du-commerce-maritime-dans-larctique\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00f4le du commerce maritime dans l\u2019Arctique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"opener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De nombreuses collectivit\u00e9s dans l\u2019Arctiques sont devenues d\u00e9pendantes du transport maritime. Par suite du manque de routes ou d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux voies ferr\u00e9es, les collectivit\u00e9s dans l\u2019Arctique d\u00e9pendent tr\u00e8s fortement du transport maritime pour les importations de biens de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9. Sans ce moyen de transport, les biens de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 seraient bien plus chers dans le nord du Canada et certains produits ne seraient pas du tout disponibles.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iqaluit \u2013 Une \u00e9tude de cas <\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans l\u2019Arctique, le ravitaillement de la collectivit\u00e9 par le transport maritime est crucial. Iqaluit, la plus grande collectivit\u00e9 dans l\u2019Est de l\u2019Arctique canadien, illustre les incidences sociales vari\u00e9es de la d\u00e9pendance par rapport \u00e0 la navigation maritime comme moyen de transport de marchandises.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iqaluit d\u00e9pend tr\u00e8s fortement du transport maritime pour le ravitaillement de cargaisons s\u00e8ches en vrac et de carburant pendant la p\u00e9riode d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 qui est libre de glace. Chaque ann\u00e9e, quelque 1 400 tonnes de marchandises en conteneurs et 214 000 tonnes de marchandises non conteneuris\u00e9es sont livr\u00e9es aux collectivit\u00e9s dans l\u2019Est de l\u2019Arctique par bateau. Le transport maritime est le seul moyen de transport en dehors de l\u2019aviation pour \u00e9tablir un lien entre la collectivit\u00e9 et le reste de l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne et nord-am\u00e9ricaine. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d\u2019Iqaluit est totalement d\u00e9pendant des produits p\u00e9troliers import\u00e9s par bateau. Nunavut n\u2019a pas de production d\u2019\u00e9nergie primaire et d\u00e9pend exclusivement de carburants import\u00e9s pour tous ses besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, y compris la production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, le chauffage et les transports. Ces carburants sont fournis par des bateaux-citernes pendant le ravitaillement saisonnier et entrepos\u00e9s dans des r\u00e9servoirs sur site dans chaque collectivit\u00e9. L\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 Iqaluit est fournie par deux centrales diesel. Ces derni\u00e8res ainsi que d\u2019autres petites centrales d\u2019\u00e9nergie renouvelable pourraient \u00e9ventuellement satisfaire une partie des besoins en \u00e9nergie d\u2019Iqaluit, mais vu le manque de ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques disponibles localement, la collectivit\u00e9 continuera de d\u00e9pendre des carburants import\u00e9s dans un avenir imm\u00e9diat. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En outre, Iqaluit d\u00e9pend du transport maritime pour des marchandises diverses, notamment les mat\u00e9riaux de construction utilis\u00e9s dans les maisons et autres b\u00e2timents. Il en r\u00e9sulte pour les projets de constructions locaux qu\u2019ils d\u00e9pendent de la navigation maritime et qu\u2019ils peuvent subir des d\u00e9lais prolong\u00e9s si les marchandises ne partent pas \u00e0 la date pr\u00e9vue. La disponibilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e des mat\u00e9riaux de construction et leur co\u00fbt de transport \u00e9lev\u00e9 constituent des facteurs qui contribue \u00e0 la p\u00e9nurie de logements \u00e0 Iqaluit, une situation qui est courante dans une grande partie du Nord du Canada. De nouvelles installations portuaires pr\u00e9vues pour Iqaluit pourraient am\u00e9liorer ces conditions en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant le d\u00e9chargement des marchandises et en r\u00e9duisant les co\u00fbts de transport et les risques de retards. Par contre, des contraintes suppl\u00e9mentaires frappant le transport pourraient provoquer une augmentation des co\u00fbts et, potentiellement, exacerber une p\u00e9nurie de logements qui est d\u00e9j\u00e0 aig\u00fce. <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le prix de la nourriture et sa disponibilit\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentent \u00e9galement un probl\u00e8me \u00e0 Iqaluit et dans d\u2019autres collectivit\u00e9s du Nunavut. \u00c0 peu pr\u00e8s 70 % de m\u00e9nages inuits sont en proie \u00e0 une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire mod\u00e9r\u00e9e ou grave. \u00c0 Iqaluit, pr\u00e8s d\u2019un tiers des m\u00e9nages souffrent d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, un taux trois fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que la moyenne nationale. L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en Arctique est due \u00e0 diverses raisons, une cause en est le prix \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u2019aliments achet\u00e9s en magasin, \u00e0 cause des co\u00fbts de transport \u00e9lev\u00e9s et \u00e0 d\u2019autres co\u00fbts logistiques (p. ex. co\u00fbts des stocks, r\u00e9duction, main-d\u2019\u0153uvre, co\u00fbt d\u2019\u00e9nergie). \u00c0 Iqaluit, les aliments p\u00e9rissables sont import\u00e9s par voie a\u00e9rienne, mais le vrac et les articles non p\u00e9rissables sont souvent livr\u00e9s par bateau. Sans l\u2019option du transport maritime, le prix de ces aliments augmenterait plus encore.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par cons\u00e9quent, dans le cas du ravitaillement de la nourriture, du carburant et des mat\u00e9riaux de construction, la navigation maritime continue d\u2019\u00eatre pratiquement indispensable \u00e0 Iqaluit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> Pour plus de renseignements :<\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"\/fr\/research\/valeur-du-transport-maritime-commercial-canada\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Valeur du transport maritime commercial au Canada.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"\/fr\/transport-maritime-et-vous\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transport maritime et Vous<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p> <b>#clearfacts #TransportMaritimeCompte #NationMaritime<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pour les collectivit\u00e9s qui vivent dans l\u2019Arctique, le transport maritime est souvent le seul moyen \u00e9conomique d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des biens de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 comme la nourriture, le carburant et les produits pour la construction.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":16834,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1022,52],"tags":[],"insight_type":[76],"class_list":["post-18871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-impacts-economiques-du-transport-maritime","category-reglementation-du-transport","insight_type-articles-fr"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":18928,"url":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/insights\/brise-glaces-en-eaux-canadiennes\/","url_meta":{"origin":18871,"position":0},"title":"Brise-glaces en eaux canadiennes","author":"Clear Seas","date":"December 10, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Les changements climatiques entra\u00eenent la prolif\u00e9ration des glaces de mer et, cons\u00e9quemment, l\u2019augmentation des risques pour le transport maritime commercial.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Impacts \u00e9conomiques du transport maritime&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Impacts \u00e9conomiques du transport maritime","link":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/topics\/impacts-economiques-du-transport-maritime\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bg-melting-sea-ice-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200","width":200,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bg-melting-sea-ice-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bg-melting-sea-ice-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=300%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bg-melting-sea-ice-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=400%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bg-melting-sea-ice-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=600%2C600 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bg-melting-sea-ice-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=800%2C800 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":18882,"url":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/insights\/pleins-feux-sur-la-recherche-jackie-dawson\/","url_meta":{"origin":18871,"position":1},"title":"Pleins feux sur la recherche : Jackie Dawson, Ph. 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Image courtesy of Captain Ivan Oxford.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/rankin-inlet-nunavut-e1640216295811.jpeg?fit=1200%2C519&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200","width":200,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/rankin-inlet-nunavut-e1640216295811.jpeg?fit=1200%2C519&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/rankin-inlet-nunavut-e1640216295811.jpeg?fit=1200%2C519&ssl=1&resize=300%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/rankin-inlet-nunavut-e1640216295811.jpeg?fit=1200%2C519&ssl=1&resize=400%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/rankin-inlet-nunavut-e1640216295811.jpeg?fit=1200%2C519&ssl=1&resize=600%2C600 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/rankin-inlet-nunavut-e1640216295811.jpeg?fit=1200%2C519&ssl=1&resize=800%2C800 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":20038,"url":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/insights\/penser-mondialement-et-expedier-localement-le-transport-maritime-a-courte-distance-permet-dacheminer-efficacement-les-marchandises-et-de-reduire-les-emissions\/","url_meta":{"origin":18871,"position":4},"title":"Penser mondialement et exp\u00e9dier localement : le transport maritime \u00e0 courte distance permet d\u2019acheminer efficacement les marchandises et de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions","author":"webmaster","date":"September 1, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"L\u2019utilisation des voies navigables c\u00f4ti\u00e8res et int\u00e9rieures pour transporter des marchandises sur de courtes distances peut non seulement r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES), mais aussi d\u00e9sengorger les routes et les chemins de fer.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;D\u00e9carbonation du transport maritime et changement climatique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"D\u00e9carbonation du transport maritime et changement climatique","link":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/topics\/decarbonation-du-transport-maritime-et-changement-climatique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-1433373208.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200","width":200,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-1433373208.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-1433373208.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=300%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-1433373208.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=400%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-1433373208.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=600%2C600 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-1433373208.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=800%2C800 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":17920,"url":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/insights\/utiliser-les-donnees-sia-pour-appuyer-la-navigation-securitaire-dans-larctique\/","url_meta":{"origin":18871,"position":5},"title":"Utiliser les donn\u00e9es SIA pour appuyer la navigation s\u00e9curitaire dans l\u2019Arctique","author":"webmaster","date":"October 15, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Le 25 novembre 2022 (\u00e9v\u00e9nement virtuel) - Le Forum canadien des risques du transport maritime (FCRTM) a tenu le webinaire Utiliser les donn\u00e9es SIA pour appuyer la navigation s\u00e9curitaire dans l\u2019Arctique.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;S\u00e9curit\u00e9 et risques li\u00e9s au transport&quot;","block_context":{"text":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 et risques li\u00e9s au transport","link":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/topics\/securite-et-risques-lies-au-transport\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/cargo-ship-in-the-arctic.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200","width":200,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/cargo-ship-in-the-arctic.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=200%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/cargo-ship-in-the-arctic.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=300%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/cargo-ship-in-the-arctic.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=400%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/cargo-ship-in-the-arctic.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=600%2C600 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/cargo-ship-in-the-arctic.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=800%2C800 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/clearseas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/iStock-153579222.jpg?fit=1920%2C600&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18871"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18871\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19043,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18871\/revisions\/19043"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18871"},{"taxonomy":"insight_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clearseas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight_type?post=18871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}